Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research

AIDS is a chronic, life-threatening condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). By damaging your immune system, HIV interferes with your body's ability to fight off viruses, bacteria and fungi that cause disease. HIV makes you more susceptible to certain types of cancers and to infections your body would normally resist, such as pneumonia and meningitis. The virus and the infection itself are known as HIV. "Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)" is the name given to the later stages of an HIV infection.

An estimated 39.5 million people have HIV worldwide. And though the spread of the virus has slowed in some countries, it has escalated or remained unchanged in others. The best hope for stemming the spread of HIV lies in prevention, treatment and education.

Learn more about the virus here...

Researchers found those who received the vaccine combination were 31 percent less likely to contract HIV.

Miriam Falco
CNN

A vaccine to prevent HIV infection, the virus that leads to AIDS, has shown modest results for the first time, researchers have found, raising hopes that a disease that kills millions every year may someday be beaten.

In what is being called the world's largest HIV vaccine trial ever - involving more than 16,000 participants in Thailand - researchers found that people who received a series of inoculations of a prime vaccine and booster vaccine were 31 percent less likely to get HIV, compared with those on a placebo.

"Before this study, it was thought vaccine for HIV is not possible," Colonel Jerome Kim, who is the HIV vaccines product manager for the U.S. Army, told CNN.

HIV is the human immunodeficiency virus, which is the virus that causes AIDS - acquired immune deficiency syndrome.

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Joy Behar says Ukranian officials are wrong to try to block Elton John from adopting a 14-month-old boy.

Joy Behar
HLN

On a recent tour of a Ukrainian orphanage, Elton John and his partner met Lev, a 14-month old HIV-positive boy.

They immediately fell in love with the child, but their possible bid to adopt the adorable tiny dancer was rejected by Yuriy Pavlenko, Ukraine's Family, Youth and Sports Minister.

Mr. Pavlenko, here are some tips about family, youth and sports. Family doesn't mean a huddle of orphans sharing a few soiled mattresses, it's not youth if you die of AIDS before you reach kindergarten, and wrestling over dinner scraps is not a sport.

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Henry Samuel
The Daily Telegraph

France's First Lady said that the Church's teachings had left her feeling "profoundly secular".

She departed from her post's traditional religious neutrality to accuse the Pope of "damaging" countries in Africa with his stance on birth control.

The Italian-born former supermodel risked angering believers in France and beyond by declaring that the Pontiff's proclamations showed that the Church needed to "evolve".

In March, the Pope sparked controversy while on an Africa tour by saying that the AIDs pandemic which has crippled the continent "can't be resolved with the distribution of condoms; on the contrary, there is the risk of increasing the problem".

Mrs Bruni-Sarkozy said: "I was born Catholic, I was baptised, but in my life I feel profoundly secular.

"I find that the controversy coming from the Pope's message – albeit distorted by the media – is very damaging.

"In Africa it's often Church people who look after sick people. It's astonishing to see the difference between the theory and the reality.

"I think the Church should evolve on this issue. It presents the condom as a contraceptive which, incidentally, it forbids, although it is the only existing protection," she told Femme Actuelle, the women's magazine.

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Singer-songwriter Elton John sits down with Dr. Sanjay Gupta to talk about the global AIDS epidemic.

Bill Frist
Special to CNN

A legacy of President George W. Bush will be that he saved 10 million lives around the world.

His critics ignore it, but name another president about whom one can say that with such certainty. It is what historians will say a decade from now looking back. Not bad for a president who leaves office with the lowest approval rating in recent memory.

The bottom line is: George Bush is a healer.

First, a surprise proclamation came on January 29, 2003.

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Erica Hill | BIO
AC360° Correspondent

Thanksgiving wasn’t the same this year. It was a wonderful day – my husband’s family was in town, and it’s rare we have everyone together more than once a year. It was a beautiful day here in NY; we took in our first live Thanksgiving Day Parade, enjoyed a wonderful feast and created new memories. We made up for lost time and were reminded how lucky we are to be blessed with a family we all like. Yet, I couldn’t help but think of Mumbai and the families forever torn apart by these senseless terrorists.

I take some comfort in the vigils being held worldwide, uniting people across oceans and continents, bringing together different faiths, united in one belief: the 179 people killed and the 300 injured last week in Mumbai should still be here.

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December 1 is World AIDS Day…another good reason to reflect. Dec 1 was first set aside as a day to highlight the disease 20 years ago. The good news: Progress, and lots of it, on both the medical and social fronts.

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A close look at an HIV-free sperm being injected into the woman’s egg.

Kyung Lah | BIO
CNN International Correspondent

They are a couple in their 30’s trying to get pregnant and have a child. Their doctor believes they’re good candidates for in-vitro fertilization.

But they are also both HIV-positive. If they successfully give birth to an HIV-negative baby, they would be the first HIV-positive couple in the world to give birth using IVF.

The question is: should they? The couple says they deserve to live as normal a life as possible, after they each lost that chance as children. They were among 2000 Japanese citizens infected in the 1980’s through HIV-tainted blood.

They grew up, met at the hospital, fell in love and married. Being parents, they say, is the natural next step.
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A protester stands at the opening ceremony of the XVII International AIDS conference in Mexico City

Harris Whitbeck
CNN Correspondent

MEXICO CITY, Mexico
Twenty-two thousand people from all over the world, gathered in one conference center for a week. All of them have different takes on the AIDS epidemic, and all of them are keen on making their points of view known.

It’s like being a kid in a candy store for a journalist. All these people, all eager to talk to you, all vying for your attention as a representative of the global media.

But that’s what makes covering an AIDS conference so difficult: How do you sort through all the information, all the public relations pitches, all of the staged events to get to the story?

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Daquan Smith rubs his gums with a Rapid HIV test swab at the Iris House November 2007 in New York City

Kai Wright
TheRoot.com

America likes to consider itself exceptional, a nation blessed with unshakable good fortune and driven by unyielding ambition. I think that sentiment explains why we so often get caught with our pants down. Our self-absorbed exceptionalism breeds a lazy arrogance that consistently confuses just getting started with finishing the job: Iraq. Al Qaeda. Katrina. It's a long list to which we can now officially add AIDS.

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention announced this weekend that the American AIDS epidemic is at least 40 percent larger than we have believed for more than a decade. The announcement drew front-page stories, shocked many everyday Americans and prompted those of us working on AIDS in black communities to sigh a collective, "I-told-you-so."

Since the mid-1990s discovery of "combination therapy"—popularly known as the "AIDS drug cocktail," a tellingly cavalier moniker—America has embraced the notion that it beat AIDS. We've certainly made strides. Combination therapy drastically slowed the funeral march we once thought inevitable, prompting national news media to offer a string of breathless stories examining "when plagues end," as an infamous 1996 New York Times Magazine cover blared.

But that success was tenuous and uneven from the start. The treatments were then and still are expensive and challenging. And African Americans never bounced back as robustly as the rest of the nation. Indeed, 1996 was significant for two reasons: It was the first year America saw a decrease in AIDS death rates and the first year in which more blacks died than whites. By 2004, blacks represented 38 percent of all AIDS deaths. So much for plagues ending.

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